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What is the difference between a meteoroid and a meteorite?

A meteoroid is a relatively small piece of debris from the solar system that orbits in interplanetary space. Its size varies from a grain of sand to a boulder. When a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, there is a light phenomenon and subsequent ionization of the air particles. This phenomenon is called a meteor or shooting star. Most meteors burn up before they hit the Earth’s surface. If any part of the meteoroid persists on the surface of the Earth, it is called a meteorite.

A meteorite is a body that forms after a meteoroid hits the Earth. Most meteorites are rocks, but there are also iron meteorites. For a meteorite to strike the Earth’s surface, it must be at least one meter in diameter and weigh at least one ton. It must also be moving slowly, with less than 20 km/h. Only a few kilograms of the entire meteorite can hit the Earth’s surface, as most of the mass melts and evaporates as it passes through the atmosphere. When a meteorite hits the Earth, it can form a pit called a crater.

Source: https://depositphotos.com/photo/space-comet-13296060.html

What determines the seasons and weather in Europe?

It takes 365 days to circle the globe around the Sun, which we call a year. The seasons change because the Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted. As a result, parts of the Earth tilted closer to the Sun receive more solar radiation each day than parts tilted away from the Sun.
The Sun is visible longer in summer than in winter and rises higher in the sky than in winter. A photograph from a location in the northern hemisphere shows the movement of the Sun across the sky in mid-summer and mid-winter. In between you can see the Sun’s movement across the sky at the spring and autumn equinoxes – twice a year the day is as long as the night.

Source: https://depositphotos.com/vector/movement-earth-sun-408613898.html

The solstice occurs twice a year when the Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky as viewed from Earth. Distinguished:

• Summer Solstice (occurs around June 20-21) in the Northern Hemisphere. This is the longest day of the year and the shortest night in the Northern Hemisphere. On the day of the summer solstice, summer begins in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere, where, conversely, the day is the shortest and the night is the longest, as there is a winter solstice.
• Winter solstice (occurs around 21-22 December) in the Northern Hemisphere. This is the shortest day of the year for the Northern Hemisphere and the longest night. The day of the winter solstice marks the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere, where, conversely, the day is the longest and the night is the shortest, as there is a summer solstice.

Although the term “summer” or “winter” solstice strictly refers only to the Northern Hemisphere, in astronomy it is traditionally used for the Southern Hemisphere as well.

The equinox occurs twice a year, during which days the day and night are almost equal in duration – 12 hours each. This is because the equator is directed towards the Sun. A distinction is made between the vernal equinox, which occurs around March 20-21, and the autumnal equinox, which occurs around September 22-23. On the day of the March equinox, spring begins in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn begins in the Southern Hemisphere. On the day of the September equinox, autumn begins in the Northern Hemisphere and spring begins in the Southern Hemisphere. Although the term “vernal” or “autumnal” equinox strictly refers only to the Northern Hemisphere, it is traditionally used in astronomy to refer to the Southern Hemisphere as well.

Coordinated Universal Time or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a time standard based on International Atomic Time with uneven application of leap seconds to synchronize with the slowing of the Earth’s rotation.

Central European Summer Time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is the time zone designation for Central European Time (CET) during the daylight saving period.
CEST = UTC + 2 hours.